Why do parameterized queries prevent SQL injection more reliably than escaping user input?
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Model Answer & Deep-Dive Explanation
Parameterized queries send values separately from the SQL statement structure, so a malicious value is interpreted as data rather than executable SQL syntax. Escaping depends on database, encoding, and context and is easier to get wrong. Parameters generally cannot represent table names, column names, or sort directions; choose those from explicit allowlists when dynamic SQL is necessary. Also validate business rules and use a minimally privileged database account. Input validation complements parameterization, but rejecting a few suspicious characters is not a reliable substitute.
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